Introduction

Champa (Sanskrit: चम्पा, Chinese: 占婆, Cham: Campa) is an ancient nation existed independently continuously over the period from the year 192 came in 1832. Outline of Champa at its maximum extent stretching from the mountain Hengshan, Quang Binh in the North to the South in Binh Thuan Province and from the East Coast to the mountains west of the Lao State today. Through a number of title Forest Hamlet, Panduranga, Champa on the land in what is now central Vietnam. Champa culture influenced by the culture of India and Java once flourished with the pinnacle of the art is styles and my son A1 style which many monuments and temples of stone sculptures, especially the linga-shaped artifacts still exist to this day shows the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism are the two ton the main church of the ancient Champa Kingdom owners. Champa's most flourishing 9th and 10th century and then gradually weakened under pressure from the United Kingdom free reign from the North and the war with the Khmer Empire. In 1471, Champa suffered heavy defeat before the Vietnamese and lost much of the territory to the North in Vietnam. The remaining territory of Champa was divided into the United States, and continued after that gradually gets the Nguyễn Lords annexes and in 1832 the entire United Kingdom formally annexed by Vietnam under King Minh Mạng. sửCác Calendar ancient Kingdom in free NamBản map Vietnam (Vietnamese? BC-? BC) South Vietnam (207-111 BCE) Funan (1-630), Champa (192-1832) Chenla (550-802) Turkish Man (1369-1478) sub-national Jarai (TK-TK 15 19) Plated States (TK-TK 15 17) sub-national Adham (TK-TK 18 19) United Kingdom Posted Fibrosis (1888-1890) the health history of South PaQuốc ĐảoLịch use the Kingdom of Champa was restored based on three main sources : [2] The remaining ruins including temples brick buildings intact as was destroyed and the stone carving works. The remaining text by Cham and Sanskrit on the beer and the surface of the stone work The book of Vietnam and China, the diplomatic documents, and other related documents. The Kingdom of Champa was not a political "centralized" which is a federal State consisting of peoples Take religious Bàlamon, Buddhist and Muslim majority and some of the smaller people in the mountains of the highlands along typical language such as Rhade , Giarai was once Inhabited region residents maintained traditional religion on the island, most of today's transition to Christianity in the mid-19th century. There are sources said Champa can be combined from four u.s. average of Amaravati, Vijaya, Panduranga and Kauthara. The United States has the political institutions in the form of autonomous and has the right to secede from the Federation to build a country independently. The Kingdom of Champa had spent much of his reign with many times the capital from North to South and vice versa. The main ethnic Cham Cham's are divided into two groups: Take in the North and in the South. Heading south to take in the Cau (Kramuta Vanusa) and heading north to take the coconut tribe (Naeikela Vanusa). The two groups recently allied with each other, just competing right to head the Kingdom of Champa. Forecast money sửNgười population of Champa Malayo-Polynesian origin migrated to the Southeast Asian mainland from Borneo to the era of the Sa Huynh culture in the 2nd and 1st century BC. Through observing the map manually, and map customized funeral has detected a continuous transition from the archaeological sites such as the Niah caves in Sarawak, East Malaysia. The location to the Sa Huynh culture very rich iron while the Dong son culture period in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in Southeast Asia, mostly bronze. Health languages in the Austronesian (Austronesian). Sa HuỳnhVăn Sa Huỳnh culture culture is social history in the era of metal in coastal areas in Central Vietnam. In 1909, was discovered about 200 jar burials in Sa Huynh, a coastal village in southern Quang Ngai province. From then to now has been a lot of artifacts in some 50 archaeological sites. SA Huynh culture characterized the era of brass very characteristic with own style through artifacts such as axes, knives and jewelry. The age of radioactive carbon method has placed the Sa Huynh culture simultaneously with the Dong son culture, news about the first millennium BC. People began to reside in the coastal plain of Central Vietnam from about 200 ad. At the moment people have to absorb elements of religious and political culture of India. The archaeological research of the author in Vietnam showed people Take is the descendant of the language and culture of the Sa Huynh people. The archaeological artifacts of the Sa Huynh people showed they were the very skilled artisans and has produce more jewelry and decorative items made of stone and glass. Sa Huynh jewelry style also found in Thailand, Taiwan and the Philippines showed they had trade with the neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, both by sea and by road. Archaeologists also found the artifacts of iron was the Sa Huynh people use while the Dong son neighbors were still primarily use the bronze. Lam Ap (192-605) according to Chinese sources, the ancient country of Champa was known first with the creation and existence of Sinhapura Kingdom or Kingdom of Lam Ap (Liu) which is The first King, beginning in 192 in the Hue area today, after the uprising of the local people against the Han dynasty. In the centuries that followed, the Chinese army has repeatedly tried to recapture the area but without success [3]. In the 4th century, from its neighbor Funan to the West and South, forest Hamlet quickly absorbed the Indian civilization [4]. This is the stage that people have started to have the descriptive text on the stone in Sanskrit and in Health, and they had the complete letter to record the voice of health. [5] the first King described in the inscriptions is Bhadravarman, ruled from 349 to 361 in the capital Kandapurpura in Hue. In Statham, King Bhadravarman built the Temple of the God named Bhadresvara, the name is a combination of the King's name and the name of the God Shiva, the God of the gods in Hinduism [6]. The Church of the King as God, such as the Church of God with the name Bhadresvara or other names continued in the centuries after that. [7] the beginning of 2013, archaeologists announced the discovery of the ancient city at the village Park, Middle Eastern country, the only Township in the Central District of Duy Xuyên. Long wall segment about 20 m, width 2 m up by clay; along other artifacts such as Oiwa. The archaeological team identified here is the area surrounded the capital of the Kingdom of Champa, the Sinhapura is 4th century construction, 5. [8] around the year 620, the King of Lam Ap has sent several emissaries to the Tang dynasty and was made in China's version of water [9]. Chinese documents record the death of the last King of Lam Ap is in about 756 ad. At the end of this period, the Chinese history books still burn Champa is Forestry Âp, however, such names have been caregivers use the latest in 629, and the Khmer people have used the latest is from the year 657. [10] Champa (605-1471) in 757, the political center of Champa was transferred from Chinese Panduranga and Kauthara area down, with capital at Virapura near Phan Rang today and religious holy sites around the Temple of Po Nagar Tower is Tower in Nha Trang is today the place to worship the earth goddess Yan Po Nagar. In 774, the Javanese destroyed Kauthara, burned the Temple of Po Nagar, and carried away. The Cham King Satyavarman is pursued and defeated them in a battle. In 781, Satyavarman erected at beer Po Nagar, claimed victory and control of the entire region and has reconstructed the temple. In 787, the Javanese attacked the capital Virapura and burning the Temple of Shiva near Panduranga. [11] the year 875, King Indravarman II built a new dynasty at Indrapura (Dong Duong village, Thang Binh District, Quang Nam). Indravarman was the first Care according to Buddhism and see if this is the official religion. In the center of Indrapura, he constructed a Buddhist monastery (vihara) dedicated to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Avalokiteśvara). The King of the dynasty at Indrapura built in America Paint a number of temples in the 9th century and 10th. Buddhist influence in the period of Champa ended in 925, start gave way to revival of the God Siva [12], with the transformation of religion from Buddhism back to Siva of the 10th century around the Church, the religious center of the Cham people also moved from Dong Duong back to my son [13] , this is the period of civilization Champa reached its peak. The factors leading to the decline of Champa in the following century was in ideal position located on the trade route, the population of little and often at war with the neighbouring Vietnamese is in the North and Cambodia in the Southwest. The war with Cambodia has led to two stages of Champa in the rule of the Khmer Rouge, which is the period 1145-1149 and 1190-1220 phase, followed by a successful war against the invading armies of the Mongol Empire in 1283 by General Sogetu. However the most powerful imprint is still the war with Vietnam, not as the war with Cambodia and China, the wars with the Vietnamese have made the Kingdom of Champa in turn lost territory and gradually weakened led to collapse. Bas-relief depicts a naval battle on Lake Tonle Sap between Marines Rang Đêy of Champa with Khmer Rouge forces last year 1177 at the Temple of Bayon-Siemreap). In 938 the Vietnamese won independence from China. In 982, King Le Hoan of Dai co Viet nam the Vietnamese first conquest, Vietnamese troops occupied and destroyed the capital of Indrapura, killed the King of Parameshvaravarman. They bring a lot of musicians and dancers Take, who later influenced the development of Vietnamese art [14]. In the aftermath of the devastating, leaving the abandoned Indrapura around 1000. The center of Champa was moved down Vijaya in the South is located on the land of Binh Dinh Province today that the Vietnamese started called Map or Rub. In the middle of the next century 5 Champa and Dai Viet occurred a lot of wars, Champa was subject to attacks of Dai Viet in 1021, 1026, 1044. Next, in 1069 the Vietnamese army attacked the Cham [15]. King Rudravarman was taken prisoner and then changed to three continents, Ma Linh, and in the North near the border with Vietnam to freedom [16] [17]. In the year 1307, when the relationship between Cham Pa and relatively nice Vietnamese, King Jaya Simhavarman III (Che), has ceded the two continents, the North Vietnamese for the Reason of making a dowry to marry Princess Huyen Trần Dynasty. After this event, the only remaining Champa territories from back in the river. The last powerful ruler of the Cham was Che Bong NGA (Binasuor) ascended the throne in 1360, since 1371 to 1389, he organized many attacks out of thang Long capital of Vietnam, he was killed in the final assault in 1389 and his General is La Ngai (La Revelation) retreated to Vijaya and the throne instead. After the Binasuor, Champa constantly being the United Kingdom free reign to attack and lost the territory gradually. After the attack on the year 1402 and 1446, King Le Thanh Tong in 1471 commanded to attack Champa, destroying the capital Vijaya, the Cham King Tra is All captured and died on the way to the Dragon [18]. Le Thanh Tong annexed the District of Amaravati and Vijaya [19] and formed the surplus Declaration. [20] according to historian Vietnam, after losing the Vijaya, a General Health is Bosnia ran into Maintenance Maintenance the male title King of Panduranga please tribute claiming spirit with Vietnam. King Le Thanh Tong also United Kingdom for style of Northern Champa (Flower), i.e. the land of Phú Yên province and Khánh Hòa today [21] and the southern Table (later two Marine water and Fire is the land which today Well-maintained province of Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Dak Lak Highland land News) [22]. This failure itself led to the first people migrated in large numbers to Cambodia and Malacca. [19] Panduranga (1471-1832) the rest of the Kingdom of Champa from after the year 1471 which Vietnamese history books called Champa only from the back all day pass included two divisions Panduranga and Kauthara. In 1594 the Cham King Po At sent forces to help the Sultan of Johor to attack the Portuguese in Malacca. [23] in 1611 Naidu made the South the first advance after the town keep the ad Agreement. Conquers the land from Cu pass Butt (North District) to pass Both (Khanh Hoa) of the Kingdom of Champa which has weakened a lot, established Government District consists of two district of Tuy Hoa and Dong Xuan, assigned to the Style. In 1629, the Style associated with the Cham rebelled against Nguyễn. The Lord sent a revised tailplane Nguyen Huu Vinh Deputy armies pacified, and Phu Yen Government change the dinh Border. In 1631, Princess Ngoc Khoa's daughters (have a book called the Jade flowers) for King of Champa is Po Rome. This marriage made Vietnam-Health relationship goes well In 1653, She harassed in Phu Yen soil Permeability, Gentler God for 3000 troops, Chandran Nair. She Soaks away run, later to rise every letter, the eastern region of the River to the top of Phu Yen (in the region of Kauthara) lost to the Nguyễn Lords, only the western section of the River (the region of Panduranga) as belonging to the Champa. In 1693, General Nguyen Huu Canh Panduranga, King attacked the Po Sout taken to Phu Xuan and put the brother of Po Po Saktiray Da Patih is Sout () King, Panduranga was changed Into the Cham King and Pros are called Towns United Kingdom ruled the Thuan Thanh commune, with the close monitoring of the mandarins of the Nguyễn Lords [24]. Autonomous mode is maintained until the year 1832 through the life of Nguyễn Lords, Tây Sơn, and Nguyễn Dynasty era. However, the life of God Take after Po Saktiray Da Patih no longer maintains a direct relationship with the Nguyễn Lords and all work of the Thuan Thanh commune was conducted through Government of Binh Thuan. Soon after the accession of Minh Mạng, he again distributed administration, Division of Binh Thuan commune, Phu Ninh Thuan and two Positive Functions. Intelligent Network further restrict the power of the Crown to take. In 1822, Chief of the Attorney General (Can Cơng), the last King of Champa left the capital at Bal Canar (Phan Ri-Net) in exile in Cambodia [25]. In 1832 the people revolted against the King of Morocco on the occasion of Le Van Khoi revolt there in the South but failed. The autonomous Government of the restriction cease to exist in the year 1832, when Emperor Minh Mạng Positive change Into the Ninh Thuan Government and set back direct rule [26]. The history of the Kingdom of Champa to officially stop here. [27] the history of the Highland land today after splitting off from the history of Champa in 1471 were the scholars interested in the study. The historical relationship between Champa (before Chile), South (Chile time) and two Marine water, Property Goods (Nguyen) is still not proven. However according to the Outline items [28] the King Le Thanh Tong Feng for the lineage of God Take Pa do monarch Desk, this Male is a stub of the old national Giarai and Rhade and the land South of the main Table is dependent of ancient Champa (before) and at the time Nguyen is the land of the two Marine water residences and Property Fire (the Central Highlands). After the Champa was annexed into Vietnam, the two countries Property and Property of Marine Fire people and Giarai news Highland land today still keep be independent but become the Nguyễn Dynasty's in session [29] until the French era. [30] the geography of Diamonds from the 10th century to the 15th century, the territory of the Kingdom of Champa volatility on the northern border with Vietnam. The territory of Champa in the beginning was the region that today includes the provinces from Quang Binh, Quang Tri to Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan [31]. In 1069, King Rudravarman (Cu) of Champa had ceded the three continents (Ninh, Quang Binh Rate today), Ma Linh (Fisherman, Quang Tri today) and I (the District of Quảng Trạch, Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province Statement today) for King LY Thanh Tong of Dai Viet and Champa territory just south of Quang Tri from the present day back down. [32] in 1306, King Jayasimhavarman III (Che) to cede two Latin Ô, Earthly home for. The Trần Dynasty changed the two continents into two continents and the Chemistry Pros from South to Da Nang, Quang Tri Power Pong. [33] in 1471, King Le Thanh Tong after beating Zhan and annexed much of the territory has established the territory of Vedic Astrology Vedic Astrology only covers the province of Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan and Khanh Hoa-Binh Thuan – today. [34] to the West, while Cham territory including the Highlands and sometimes expanded to take in Laos today, but people still maintain the lifestyle of the people who go to sea with the sea trade activities, and the only settlement in the area of the coastal plain of Central Vietnam. In 1471, King Le Thanh Tong split the land in the Highlands today into the southern Table [35] a minor stub for the own national Giarai and Rhade and from this domain is no longer in the diamonds of Champa. The divisions since the year 757, on the territory of Champa presence of 5 divisions, with the name derived from the history of India. The location and the diamonds of each territory as follows: [31] Indrapura (757-1471): the Dong Duong village, district of Quang Nam province. Amaravati (757-1471): the city of Da Nang and Quang Nam province. The district has two Central is the city of Indrapura the Dong Duong district, district in Quang Nam province and the city of Sinhapura located in the Chinese District of Karuna, Vietnam today. And Statham lies in the way the Chinese are about 25 km to the Southwest, where there are still many ruins of temples. This district also at expanding the 5 continents: Major Dad, geography, Ma Linh, and Oh, RI, which later merged into Vietnamese through two waves, corresponding to admit Positive propaganda, today is the province of Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue. Vijaya (757-1471): the capital is also the city of the same name in the history books of which Vijaya Vietnamese called Scrub Tables (Chile) that lists the free history written as Map Table [36] is located near Quy Nhon in Binh Dinh Province today. This district covers the area Binh Dinh Province and parts of Quang Ngai province today. Kauthara (757-1653): the capital is the city of Kauthara, now the Nha Trang in Khanh Hoa province. The district comprises the two provinces of what is now Khanh Hoa and Phu Yen Panduranga (757-1832): the capital is the city of Panduranga is today the town of Phan Rang in Ninh Thuan Province. The district comprises the two provinces of present-day Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan. Panduranga was the last Champa territories were annexed Đại Việt. Under the Nguyễn Lords as well as the early Nguyen called The Agreement. Culture and art culture in India, Cambodia and Java all have affected the culture of Champa. From the 4th century the Kingdom of Funan in Cambodia and southern Vietnam today has spread the Indian civilization into the Cham society. Sanskrit became the academic language, and Hinduism, especially shaivist, became the State religion. From the 10th century, Arab traders brought the religion and culture of Islam in the region. Champa has an important transit role on the pepper from the Bay of Pec-Quentin Harris.lets be young to southern China and later the sea trade routes of the Arabs, from the Indochina peninsula-where export of frankincense. Although between Champa and the Khmer Empire always at war, but trade and culture is still making about both sides. Royal family of two United Kingdom also regularly get each other. Champa also had commercial and cultural ties with the Empire at sea such as Srivijaya and later Majapahit with on the Malay Peninsula. Religion, belief and A stratified jatalinga in 10th century in Statham. Before being conquered by King Le Thanh Tong in 1471, the dominant religion of the Cham people was Hinduism, and the culture was deeply influenced by Indian civilization. Hinduism in Cham mainly shaivist, the worship of Shiva, and there the influence of the indigenous religious elements as the earth goddess Yan Po Nagar Church. The main symbol of the religion of the Cham people-va Si linga, linga, the jatalinga, a mukhalinga splits and a kosa [37]. Linga (or lingam) is a phallic pillar representing Shiva. The Cham King regularly and stone lingas in the Centre of Royal temples. The name that the King Take place for a linga would include the name of the King and the tail "-esvara," i.e. Shiva [38]. A mukhalinga is a linga on which there is painted or carved the image of Shiva in the form or shape of the faces. A jatalinga is a linga on which touches the typical style of Shiva's hairstyle. Segmented Linga is a linga divided into three sections represent the three divine trimurti in Hinduism: the bottom part, is a cuboid blocks, represents Brahma; the section in between, is an eight-sided prismatic shape, represents Vishnu; and the top section, circular, representing Shiva. A Kosa is a cylindrical metal block is used to cover for the linga. The sacrifice of a decorated a kosa to the linga is a unique Chinese features of the Si leader-va. The Cham King often name a kosa is especially well in the way they themselves for the linga [39]. The Hinduism is the predominant religion of the Cham people was interrupted from the 9th century to the 10th century when the dynasty at Indrapura (Dong Duong in Quang Nam province today) according to Buddhism. Buddhist art style of Dong Duong was recognized as one of the unique style. In the 10th century and the following centuries, Hinduism again became the main religion of Champa. Some places still retain religious buildings and also the works of architecture and art of the period such as my son, Jiang Wei, Chinese American, Chanh Lo, and Go. Islam began to penetrate into the Cham from the 10th century, but only after the year 1471, the influence of the new Muslims. In the 17th century, the Cham Royal family was Muslim and also from which most people Take begin this religious, and when this land was annexed into Vietnam, the majority of people here have followed Islam. Most people Take are all Muslims and like the Java in Indonesia, they are also subject to many influences of Hinduism. The text of the Indonesian story of Princess Darawati, a Cham Princess has affected her husband Kertawijaya, ruler of Majapahit's seventh, similarly to Parameshwara, who converted to Islam for the Majapahit Royal family. The tomb of Putri Champa (Princess) is still found in Trowulan, where chaos is the capital of Majapahit. Architecture, sculpture, architecture and sculpture in the fuselage Po Klong Garai in the 13th century the architecture of Champa was analyzed through the Tower Take worship the gods of Hinduism and the Kings Health are surviving spirit culture as well as the ruins of the ancient, Buddhist time of Indrapura. The architectural style of sculpture, the tower was the researcher is often divided into several periods, each time different changes, a separate imprint of the tile adhesive technique is to build the tower and carvings on the stones. Along with the sculptures of Khmer and Javanese, Cham sculpture platform is one of three background influenced sculpture of India reaching world class. While much influence from the Indian sculptures, Khmer and Javanese but Champa sculpture still the the uniqueness of its own. The trend towards circular statue of virtually all of the carved image in the form of reliefs, in Pa there is very little sculpture General setting that emphasized on each picture, e.g. relief nymph Apsara dance are found in Chinese express the curved arm to the hand. Thus, the art of Champa sculpture with more impressive is realistic, the impression can be said as the important characteristics that make up the unique beauty of the ancient Champa sculpture art. Beer Beer sign, sign writing Sanskrit – ancient Cham Phan Rang in Indian culture into Cham influences from the early period, which led to the legal writings, social politics in Champa, the Kings Take apply and preferred. The word North Sanskrit (Sanskrit) is Clooney acquiring from the first century BC, the inscription on the stele Vo Next in the 3rd century with the writing style of writing is very close to the beer sign the Amaravati in South India, but the handwriting of Champa for over 10 centuries of its existence also constantly change corresponds with the period of influence from different regions in India, from the 6th century to the 8th century, Sanskrit in Champa form North Indian region of the square itself, but from the 9th century onwards the word Sanskrit in Champa back in the form of South Indian region, round self can get Champa is the first national writing soon for Southeast Asia. Derived from the form of Sanskrit, has dropped the record which was not in the Cham and some new symbols are added to a form of Sanskrit-Champa, according the researchers Cham has 65 24 foot language symbols and originates from the word system workshop (Thrah Akhar) of India. According to the statistics of the French scholar in 1923, of the beer sign Take 170 were known, all of the Take sign beer are carved up kicked into the stele to the beautiful and and some other sign beer was carved up the wall of the Cham towers. The ancient Champa stele is the almost unique text expresses the idea of the King and his court, among 123 beer can understand the content of the beer talking about 92 Siva, 5 beers of the God Brahma, Visnu, God of beer 7 3 beers about the Buddha and 21 unknown beer for the religion. Literature, documented by the many profound cultural influence in India for literary significance should be embodied in the beer sign, beer sign authors try to use ornate words, many classics and metaphor of Indian literature to express his ideas, hence the epitaph of Champa is an array of important literature of Champa the beer sign, Champa in Sanskrit was written primarily by the able poet of India, Indian literature through the folk in oral form must be present in Champa, this is how we built the Temple of the Rsi Valmiki, who is regarded as the author of the epic Ramayana as well as reliefs depicted the character in the epic Ramayana as Guy Rama, Sita. Outside of the Ramayana, the epic of India sets also are prevalent in Champa as the Mahabharata and even Indian Fables through the Bhagavata. According to the notes of a Decency Code interpreter of Zheng He (Ming dynasty, China) to Vijaya in the early 15th century-circa 1413 was expressed in his later book Ying-yai Sheng-lan-the business of Chewing, the Exhibition text Wins recorded in this period of Cham society is described: on the written word they have no paper or pen, they used [or] pelt pulled thin or smoked black bark, and they folded it into a picture book, [which], with Cretaceous, they wrote letters to record the document archive. Music, dance the girls Take on the team of dancers and dance music of Phan Rang has a very important role in the spiritual life of the people, in a new year ceremony as faiths Rija Nagar, Kate into the Cham calendar July, Islands bridge, open the tower. The use of the form of the instrument depends on the nature of the ceremony and the different living forms. Baranâng drum and drum gineng drums kinds is typical for percussion instruments. In musical instruments, brass Saranai have a special position. Dance is the art form of sticking with health as shaped with very rich and unique ball, there are different dances such as: dance, religious dance, the dance collective, Dance choreography, props and unique ball dance. Social organization so far, the ethnographic research and fill in the wild as well as an overview of the research on social health are focused on health. To date no work history would, as the works based on the investigation of the inscriptions or literature of the President for the objective conclusion to have evidence of ancient Cham society, however from the historical record, discrete sign beer we can score is a number of factors in the social organization of Champa. Law of The beer and the sculptures are not able to see any of a law would, however, through notes of Decency Code here in the early 15th century can show us a part of the law of Champa period: About the guilty be punished [at] this country : For the misdemeanor, they take the hit in the back by a cloud. For severe crimes, they cut the nose. For robbery, they hand-tight. With respect to adultery, men and women being carved up the stars for the scars. The caste system [page | edit source code] some research based on the culture of the health are presented in the form of social caste (caste) [40] in the Vedas before going into the investigation of the monuments of culture and art of Champa. Accordingly, there are four Vedic society, the head of the class is the Brahman priest caste specializes in worship, followed by the Ksatria caste Warrior news mission is to protect the other class [41]. The modern scholars on the trend of experimental research has proved more places and didn't realize anything from aspects of research history, especially from the written materials about the social structure of the beer of ancient Champa. Historical events, such as the Cardboard Design, a free person, not the King of Champa for only three years (983-986) [42] and the Cham won back the United Kingdom demonstrates also the social structure of ancient Cham is more complex in the Vedas. In sum, the views of ancient Cham society is social caste with the four Vedic as in ancient India (or year level with the fifth level as foreign workers [40]) need to be looked at very carefully because there are not yet any research from data text engraved Take proven stock. Matriarchy many scholars in the country [43] on the basis of Matriarchy research still exist today and their caregivers on specific research base pairs linga-yoni, especially linga linga, stratified floor can make three stools trimutri (three of the divine) and two floors (linga and yoni-yin and Yang [43]) is placed on the square has a slot to flowing water escape is the yoni are located below the linga, is that in the health social role of old woman in society is also very big. However, just like the above, it is just an inference rather than not have the written materials for beer proved and no historical research based on the carving Take ages would mention this. The political institutions of the monarchy, Champa, gold Crowns are created in about 7-8 century Kingdom of Champa died, leaving ruins as well as the notes from sources not enough to determine all the rule and the details about the year rule of all. The researchers based on many sources, including the bia archaeologist, relics of the Cham, until now identified about 10 dynasties with nearly 100 King of Champa. Some King of Champa was known as transcription, by the of Vietnam and China. Some have the name Health restored through the collation name in Sanskrit and Chinese, as Cambhuvarman news Kandharpadjarma news releases or Pham Phan Offense Early Le …, due to be appear in both Health and a signed ball. Mandala [edit | edit source code] modern scholars the concept of political and administrative institutions of the Kingdom of Champa in two opposing theories. Although scholars unification of the Kingdom of Champa was divided into four divisions (Panduranga, Kauthara, Amaravati, Vijaya) runs from South to North along the coast of present-day Vietnam and were unified by language, culture and common heritage. However, scholars do not agree that the divisions have the same in a single political entity, or is the district completely independent of each other as the United States. Many authors Champa concept is a Federation that includes many smaller States, while the Central Government system for but totally United States rule to self-determination. The fact that it is not the rich historic material for each of the divisions at all stages. For example, in the 10th century, documents about the very rich while in Indrapura 12th century again very rich documentation for Vijaya; After the 15th century, the documentation for Panduranga very rich. Some scholars see the volatility of the historical materials on that reflect the relocation of the capital of Champa and Champa concept if not a single political institutions, is a Federation of States and the rich materials chính demonstrates this is the capital of Champa. The scholars found, 10th century document of Indrapura rich probably stem from the reason for this is the capital of Champa. Other scholars disagree and argue that Champa was never a unified country and not for that rich data in a historical period is the basis for the claim that it is the capital of the United States. [44] the economy [source page page |] while there are many studies about the life, economic activity and the structure, organization and the different faces of modern people are not having these so research for the ancient Champa Kingdom. The reason also it is easy to notice because of what belongs in the upper arch is hardly the stuff is left with time and use of a Kingdom whose background was the long running brilliant temples throughout the central coast of today's Vietnam is also only through the ruins. Through historical research, the authors suggest that ancient Champa economy based mainly on agricultural activities, craft production and trade. The remaining traces of oil in Central Vietnam of the complex irrigation system and the high-quality rice varieties characteristic of the region is viewed as evidence of an agricultural economy rice water has high development [45]. The Kingdom of Champa there are conveniently located for the commercial development of the sea. The ports of the United Kingdom is the transfer point for international commodity exchanges as well as to export the products mainly from the exploitation of the forests in the upper region of the coastal plain and the Highlands. From the 10th century, the port of Champa was known as the seaport on the East Coast, lies on the sea trade between the East and the West still was known as the "Silk Road on the sea". [45] the products export port of Champa was the product of the production of handicrafts such as pottery, earthenware and mining products such as rhino horn forest domain, ivory, and especially frankincense, and both of the mining activities in the nest on the islands off the coast. [45] on the means of payment in trade transactions, according to the notes of a Decency Code interpreter of Zheng He (Ming dynasty, China) to Vijaya in the early 15th century-circa 1413 was expressed in his later book Ying-yai Sheng-lan-the business of Chewing, the transaction, then Wins the period described : In trading, they currently use a pale yellow colour, age, has an immature [net] seven of ten percent, or [they used]. Residential children's ethnic people in Buon Ma Thuot. People in the beer sign Health Pa called Rang De is the generic name for Eđê and Jarai people which was one important inhabitant of the Kingdom of Champa in the United Emirates Vijaya Northern Champa. Health in the Kingdom of Champa history includes two main clan is the clan (Narikelavamsa) Coconut and areca (Kramukavamsa). Lived at Amaravati and Vijaya while the Cau lived in Kauthara and Pandaranga. The two tribes have the ways of living and different outfits and has many interests conflicts leading to war even disputes. But in the history of the Kingdom of Champa Interfaith conflicts are often resolved to maintain the unity of the country through marriage. [46] next to the Cham, the owner of the Kingdom of Champa also include the ancient ethnic minority people on the island and root Mon-Khmer and Champa in the North also. Many of today's heritage of tower still in Central Vietnam. A typical architecture is Statham near Hoi An. Statham was American bombs heavily damage during the war but was restored after the war in the 1980s with the tremendous contribution of Polish architect Kazimierz Kwiatkowski (1944-1997). In 1999, Statham was recognized by UNESCO as world cultural heritage. There are also the ruins of the tower to take in the region of the community are still currently used for worship as: Po Nagar (Khanh Hoa) Po Klong Garai (Ninh Thuan) Po Rome (Ninh Thuan) Po Sha Ra (Binh Thuan) show a rich sculpture for Cham Museum (formerly known as "Musée Henri Parmentier") in the coastal city of Da Nang. The Museum was established in 1915 by French scholars and to date still is considered one of the major museums in South East Asia. The Take was also present at the other museums such as the Museum of fine arts, Hanoi, Hanoi History Museum, Art Museum, HO CHI MINH CITY, HO CHI MINH CITY History Museum Guimet Museum, Paris